What is Python? Complete Introduction, Features and Datatypes for Beginners

 

What is Python? Complete Introduction, Features and Datatypes for Beginners


Introduction

Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object oriented scripting language. Python is designed to be highly readable. Python is an object-oriented programming language created by Guido Rossum in 1989.

In today’s digital world, Python is one of the most popular programming languages because of its simplicity and flexibility. It is widely used by beginners as well as professionals.

Where is Python Used?

Python is used for:

  • Web development (server-side)

  • Software development

  • Mathematics

  • System scripting

  • GUI Application

  • Machine Learning

  • Create websites

  • Scrape data from websites

  • Analyse data

  • System Administration Task

  • Game Development

Because of its wide applications, Python is considered a must-learn programming language.

Key Features of Python

Interpreted Language

An interpreted language which means the source code of a python program is converted into bytecode than is then executed by the python virtual machine.

Python is different from major compiled languages such as C and C++ as python code is not required to be built and linked like code for these languages.

This makes development faster and easier.

Object-Oriented

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model in which programs are organized around data or objects rather than functions and logic.

Python supports concepts like inheritance, polymorphism and encapsulation.

High-Level Language

Python is a high-level language which means it uses simple English-like syntax.

It hides complex details of the system and makes programming easy.

Python Datatypes

Python has standard datatypes:

  • Numbers

  • String

  • List

  • Tuple

  • Dictionary

  • Boolean

Numbers

Numbers datatypes store numeric values. Integers, floating point numbers and complex numbers fall under number datatype.

int datatype

The int datatype represents an integer number.

Example:

a = -57

In python there is no limit for the size of an int datatype.

float datatype

The float datatype represents floating point numbers.

Example:

num = 55.67998

Scientific notation:

x = 2.5E4

complex datatype

A complex number is written in the form of a + bj.

Example:

c1 = -1 - 5.5j

String Datatype

A string is represented by a group of characters.

Example:

str1 = "welcome"
str2 = 'welcome'

Multi-line string:

str1 = """This is a book on python"""

List Datatype

List are very similar to array and very flexible.

Example:

list = [10, 10.5, "FRUXINFO PVT LTD"]
print(list)

List is mutable and can be modified.

Tuple Datatype

Tuple is similar to list but immutable.

Example:

tpl = (10, 20, 30, "FRUXINFO")

Dictionary Datatype

Dictionary stores data in key : value format.

Example:

student = {
    "name": "FRUXINFO",
    "age": 15,
    "course": "WEB DEVELOPMENT"
}

Dictionary is mutable and very useful for structured data.

Why Python is Easy to Learn

Easy to Learn

Python uses very few keywords and simple structure.

It is similar to C language, so learning becomes easy.

Easy to Read

Python code looks like English sentences.

This makes understanding and debugging very simple.

Easy to Maintain

Using meaningful variable names, comments and tests makes Python code easy to maintain.

Free and Open Source

Python is free to use and can be downloaded from the official website.

Its source code can be modified and reused.

Portable

Python code can run on different platforms like Windows, Mac and Linux without changes.

Extensible and Embeddable

Python allows integration with C and C++.

It can also be embedded into other programming languages.

Low Level vs High Level Language

Low level languages use machine code instructions like Assembly.

High level languages use English-like syntax such as Python, Java and PHP.

Python is a high-level language which makes it easy to learn and use.

Conclusion

Python is a powerful, flexible and beginner-friendly programming language. It supports multiple applications like web development, data analysis and machine learning.

Because of its simplicity and readability, Python is the best choice for anyone starting their programming journey.

Author Bio

This article is written to help beginners understand Python in a simple and practical way. If you are starting your journey in programming, Python is the perfect first step.


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